ISSN: p-ISSN - 2277- 7482; e-ISSN - 2249-9091 Discipline: Dental Sciences Starting Year: 2011 Current volume: Volume 12 Issue per year: 4 issues Editor-in-chief: Dr. Shailesh Kumar Mukul, India Indexing: Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, Citefactor, Sherpa Romeo, Research Bible. E-mail: editor.jofr@mansapublishers.com
Dental Care During Pregnancy A Narrative Review
Pregnancy brings about substantial hormonal and physiological shifts that can affect oral health, making women more vulnerable to conditions like gingivitis, pyogenic granuloma, and oral candidiasis. If these oral lesions are not addressed, they can compromise both the mother’s comfort and the baby’s health. This review explores the relationship between pregnancy and oral health, with a focus on the frequency, clinical features, and management of oral lesions during pregnancy. It underscores the value of maintaining proper oral hygiene, attending routine dental appointments, and seeking prompt care for any dental concerns. The review also affirms that both preventive and restorative dental treatments are safe and important throughout pregnancy. Educating expectant mothers about oral health is crucial, as it enables early detection and prevention of oral diseases. Ultimately, proactive oral care during pregnancy leads to improved health outcomes for both mother and child.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ankita Gupta, Rashmi Agrawal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Management of Partial Necrosis of Submental Flap – A Case Report
We report a case of a 68-year-old male with recurrent unicystic ameloblastoma involving the anterior mandible who underwent anterior marginal mandibulectomy and reconstruction with a submental artery island flap. Despite uneventful intraoperative planning, the patient developed partial distal flap necrosis postoperatively. Given the patient’s age and systemic comorbidities, conservative wound care was chosen over secondary surgical intervention. Gradual healing was achieved without functional or aesthetic compromise. This case highlights the submental flap’s utility in elderly patients and emphasizes the importance of early identification and non-surgical management of flap complications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sailesh Kumar Mukul, Sibgutulah Rashid, Vyakhya Akhileshkumar Gupta, Rajni Mishra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Non Pharmacological Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis A narrative review
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a very common oral mucosal lesion characterized by frequent, painful ulcerations with undiscerned etiopathology with several theories proposed like it being a bacterial infection, immunological abnormality, genetic predisposition, nutritional deficiency with trauma, stress and allergies being trigger factors. The treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic relief and keeping the intervals of remission protracted. Topical corticosteroids, analgesics, systemic antibiotics, and immunosuppressant drugs are the commonly used medications. Non pharmacological measures like laser, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and cryotherapy can also be used which have proven to cause analgesia, reduce ulcer dimensions and accelerate healing, PDT being the novel approach requiring single session application and giving symptomatic relief to patients within hours. Meanwhile, stress management and dietary modifications also help in keeping the ulcers at bay. Therefore, along with conventional management, these emerging therapeutic options can be explored and employed to provide synergistic treatment to the patients of RAS.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ankita Gupta, Meghashyama Kulkarni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Oral Habits in Children Due to Anxiety, Fear, and Psychological Stress
Children develop certain oral habits to overcome fear and anxiety in social situations. These habits are more common in children who have experienced neglect, childhood trauma, or loss of a parent at a young age and who live in orphanages and foster homes. They acquire habits such as nail, lip, and pencil biting, thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, prolonged use of pacifiers, mouth breathing, and bruxism. Teeth alignment depends on genetic factors. However, these habits can have a major impact on the development of the maxilla and mandible, as well as the formation of both primary and permanent teeth. Deformities of teeth alignment and soft tissue change may lead to infections and dry mouth because of decreased salivary flow. The severity, duration, and frequency of the habit may affect the degree of malocclusion. Detecting these habits at an early age may help prevent any major impact on the dental, skeletal deformity, and psychological health of children. The key is the timing of the intervention. Timely detection and treatment of the underlying cause may prevent medical, behavioral, and oral health problems. This review article provides an overview of oral habits in children related to psychological stress, fear, and anxiety, and suggests ways to deal with them.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bharat Ram Chowdry Guttikonda, Sandhya J Kadam, Krishna Veni Guttikonda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Platysma Flap for Mandibular Reconstruction: A Case Report
The platysma myocutaneous flap (PMF) is a versatile option for reconstructing small to medium sized defects in the oral cavity due to its thin, pliable nature and reliable vascularity. This case report illustrates the successful application of a PMF for mandibular reconstruction following marginal mandibulectomy in a 58 year old patient with acanthomatous ameloblastoma. The flap provided adequate soft tissue coverage with minimal donor site morbidity. While the initial recovery was uneventful, a late complication of screw loosening in the reconstruction plate was managed effectively. At 1 year follow up, the surgical site demonstrated successful healing with a viable flap and no functional impairment. This case highlights the PMF's utility in oral reconstruction, emphasizing its simplicity and reliability when applied with meticulous surgical technique and vigilant postoperative monitoring.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sailesh Kumar Mukul, Sibgutulah Rashid, Rajni Mishra, Vyakhya Akhileshkumar Gupta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Review on Revolutionizing Pediatric Dental Treatments with 3D Printing Technology: Current Trends and Future Prospects
The advent of 3D printing technology has revolutionized the field of dentistry, leading to significant advancements in clinical applications and research. The integration of 3D printing with CAD CAM technology facilitates the layer by layer manufacturing of three dimensional objects by sequentially adding material. 3D printing is a resourceful technique that allows the development of fully digitalized and personalized treatment plans, thereby helping to customize dental appliances for patients. It is highly competent, replicable, and provides fast and precise results in a reasonably priced style. Recently, 3D printing technology has played a major role in pediatric dentistry from the printing of individualized imprint trays, orthodontic models, maxillo facial growth evaluation, interceptive appliances, fabrication of prosthetics, and crowns, during fracture, surgical cases, and navigating complex root canal treatments in pediatric patients. Through this review, we intend to discuss the scope of 3D printing in the field of pediatric dentistry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Greeshma B; Sandeep V, Rajavardhan K, Sindhura K, Madhupreethi T https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Artificial Intelligence for Real Time Resection Margin Evaluation in Oral Cancer: A Future Perspective
Clear resection margins in oral cancer surgery are essential for minimizing local recurrence and enhancing patient outcomes. Conventional intraoperative margin assessment, primarily through frozen section analysis, is time intensive and prone to sampling errors. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promising solution for real time, accurate margin evaluation. This review examines AI's role in intraoperative margin assessment for oral cancer, focusing on machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and imaging based techniques such as hyperspectral imaging (HSI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and Raman spectroscopy. We review their applications, advantages, limitations, and future potential, supported by scientific evidence. AI driven methods improve precision, reduce operative time, and enhance oncologic outcomes, paving the way for transformative advancements in surgical practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sailesh Kumar Mukul, Sibgutulah Rashid, Vyakhya Akhileshkumar Gupta, Khan Sabera Kalimuddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Diode laser excision of pyogenic granuloma on an uncommon oral site: A case report
Pyogenic granuloma is a benign, vascular growth that typically results from factors like chronic irritation, trauma, or hormonal changes. While it is most commonly found on the gingiva, its appearance on the buccal mucosa is rare, which can make diagnosis more complex. A 56 year old female presented with a gradually enlarging, painless lesion on her right buccal mucosa that had been present for three months. Clinical examination revealed a firm, red, sessile mass that bled upon manipulation. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma was made, with hemangioma considered as a differential diagnosis. The lesion was excised using a diode laser under local anesthesia. The procedure was performed with minimal bleeding, and the surgical site was well illuminated, making the excision precise. The patient experienced no complications during the healing process, and at the 12 month follow up, the lesion had fully healed without any signs of recurrence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Neha Aggarwal, Aditi Sangwan, Anju Devi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploring Paradigms in Intraoperative Assessment of Resection Margins (IOARM) in Oral Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presents significant challenges in surgical management, particularly in achieving clear resection margins, which are crucial for reducing recurrence and improving patient outcomes. Traditional methods like visual inspection and palpation are often insufficient for accurate margin assessment. This review delves into advanced intraoperative imaging and assessment techniques, including intraoral ultrasound (ioUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). It aims to discuss the principles, applications, advantages, limitations, and clinical efficacy in enhancing surgical precision in OSCC treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sailesh Kumar Mukul , Sibgutulah Rashid, Vyakhya Gupta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Benefits and Challenges of Use of Artificial Intelligence in Oral Health Issues of Pediatric Patients
Oral health is often disregarded, especially within pediatric populations, due to caregivers' persistent misconception that primary teeth are transient and will fall out. However, the significance of preserving primary dentition until exfoliation is underestimated, as most individuals remain unaware that primary teeth serve as a critical foundation for the eruption of permanent dentition. Many children do not receive routine oral examinations, leading to inadequate oral hygiene habits and dental caries. Compared to adult patients, gaining the cooperation of young children and their management during dental appointments is challenging. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) presents numerous advantages for this patient demographic. AI is progressively becoming a fundamental component of healthcare, wherein machines are programmed to emulate human cognitive functions. Imaging is used as a main resource in AI technology, and it is a cornerstone for dentistry. Visuals from AI can help with diagnosis and treatment, as well as simulate results and predict oral diseases. As every technology may have benefits and challenges to use, AI has its limitations and challenges. Training and education of medical staff may help overcome the challenges and use AI in managing oral issues in pediatric patients. Pediatric dental practices are rapidly integrating the AI movement in oral healthcare. The idea of using AI is to augment the knowledge of clinicians and not to replace them. This article provides an overview of AI technology use, benefits, and challenges in pediatric patients with oral health issues.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sandhya J Kadam, Krishna Veni Guttikonda, Bharat Ram Chowdry Guttikonda http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Management of Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC): A Case Series
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is significant in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to its diverse manifestations and high recurrence rate. The treatment protocol for OKC is controversial and treatment modalities range from enucleation to resection including adjunctive procedures like peripheral ostectomy, cryotherapy, and chemical cauterization. This paper discusses eight cases diagnosed with OKC which was confirmed by histopathological examination, and subsequently underwent enucleation along with chemical cauterization with modified Carnoy’s solution. Kinds of literature have proved that enucleation with the application of modified Carnoy’s solution has reduced the recurrence rate considerably. Our case series illuminates that the treatment approach adopted in our institute has decreased the recurrence rate while maintaining functional and esthetic aspects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suranjana Roy, Subhransu Basu, Abhinaba Bose, Debraj Samanta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Drill bit failure in Mandible fracture Fixation- A case report and Management
Drill bit breakage during maxillofacial surgical procedures, including open reduction and internal fixation of mandible fractures, is a common but challenging complication for surgeons. While immediate retrieval is often successful, some cases require a more complex approach. This case report describes a retained drill bit fragment encountered during the fixation of mini plates and screws in a patient with a mandibular fracture. The article explores the multifaceted factors contributing to drill bit failure, encompassing drill bit characteristics, surgical technique, patient anatomy, and surgeon-related factors. Additionally, it covers techniques for removing broken drill bits and examines the decision-making process and potential issues. By examining both the causes and management of drill bit breakage, the article aims to guide surgeons in addressing this challenge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prabhakar Ulaganathan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Parotid Gland Teratoma: An Unusual Tumor in an Uncommon Location
Extragonadal Teratomas are seen in 15% of cases and only 3-5% of such cases occur in the head and neck region. However, Teratomas rarely occur in the parotid gland. We present such a case here. A 10-year-old female presented with swelling over the left cheek. After radiological investigations, the patient was planned for surgical excision. Histopathological examination showed a well-encapsulated tumor with cystic and solid components, mainly comprised of mature neural tissue. Foci of glandular tissue and thyroid tissue and extensive areas of mature cartilage were seen. These features were suggestive of mature cystic teratoma of the parotid gland. The patient recovered well postoperatively and now is on follow-up. Due to the rarity of such lesions, it is difficult to diagnose them solely based on radiological investigations. Hence Surgical excision becomes a mainstay of treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Himanshi Avinash Jain, Puneet Kumar Bagri, Amruta Tripathy, Kiran Chaudhary http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
An unusual presentation of garre’s osteomyelitis of mandible: A case report
Chronic non-suppurative osteomyelitis, also known as Garre’s osteomyelitis is a local thickening of periosteum caused by slight irritation or infection. Here, we present the case report of a unilateral bony swelling in the left side of the lower jaw associated with an infection in an 8-year-old child. The radiograph revealed the pathognomic feature of ‘onion skin’ appearance. Surgical recontouring of the lower jaw was performed since there was no evidence of bone remodelling after the removal of granulation tissues.
Copyright (c) 2024 Debraj Samanta, Sudipta Sahu, Rajarshi Banerjee, Sayan Mandal , Mayukh Mishra, Suranjana Roy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Management of trauma-induced discoloration in non-vital teeth using walking bleach technique: A case series
An aesthetic smile is important since it influences a person's psychosocial well-being and shapes the image of their aesthetic self. Non-vital tooth discoloration can be caused by several factors, the most frequent, however, are dental trauma and residual sealing materials in the pulp chamber following root canal treatment. Internal bleaching (Walking bleach or Thermocatalytic) is a minimally invasive alternative to veneers or crowns. This case series presents the management of trauma-induced discoloration in anterior teeth using the walking bleach technique. Patients reported with a chief complaint of discolored front teeth and their history revealed dental trauma. After the clinical and radiographic examination, endodontic therapy was performed. After recording the shade, the walking bleach technique was performed and the patients were recalled subsequently at weekly intervals, depending on the severity of discoloration. Further bleaching appointments were scheduled if needed. After obtaining a satisfactory improvement in the shade, a definite restoration was done. Conclusion: Proper case selection and patient education can lead to satisfactory outcomes. The walking-bleach technique is recommended as a safe alternative for treating discolored non-vital teeth.
Copyright (c) 2024 Paras Mull Gehlot, Susmita Ghosh, Shaima Misbah Shafiq, Annapoorna Ballagere Mariswamy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate: A case report
Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of the salivary glands with complex morphology, possessing both epithelial and myoepithelial elements arranged in a variety of patterns. This type of tumor most commonly arises in the parotid or submandibular glands. Infrequently, it may arise from the minor salivary glands and present as an intraoral mass over the palate or lip. Here we present a case report on a hard palate swelling; FNAC revealed a benign salivary gland lesion, further radiographic & histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis pleomorphic adenoma of the palate. The aim of this article is to present a case of palatal Pleomorphic adenoma, which was treated successfully by surgical excision.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jibin Jose Tom, Ushass Puthalath, Sreejith VP, Aparna S Nair, Vidhya Vijayan MC, Amrutha Krishnan M http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Lack of knowledge and awareness of people on oral heath gave rise to innumerable social misbeliefs in certain communities. In today's world, it is important for every dentist to have knowledge of the trending myths and taboos in dentistry to provide quality dental care to the patients. This short review of literature discusses the various social misconceptions and commonly encountered taboos in dentistry and the reasons for such misbeliefs.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ankita Gupta, Manoj Vishwakarma http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Dental Materials Modified with Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles: A Review
Background: Silver metal alloy has been used by dentists for more than 150 years in hundreds of millions of patients. It is the most thoroughly researched and tested of all the dental materials. Its antimicrobial property is attributed to sustained ion release. With advent of nanotechnology increased number of research on dental material containing Silver nanoparticles have proven the antimicrobial efficacy of the same. However the reduction of the Silver metal salts with chemicals pose a threat on the environment in the long term. Hence there is a growing trend towards green or biosynthesis of the Silver nanoparticles using microbe mediated or plant mediated reduction process. Aim: This paper reviews the antimicrobial efficacy of the silver nanoparticles which were biosynthesized in prevention of dental infections when used with materials used in dentistry. Methodology: The literature search was performed in PubMed using the Silver nanoparticles, biosynthesized, green synthesis, antimicrobial effect, dentistry. Only full text articles from 2013 to 2023 were considered. Results: The search retrieved 16 articles which were screened per exclusion criteria of removing duplicate studies, six articles were selected for review. Conclusion: Biosynthesized Silver nanoparticles are proven to be effective against Gram Positive, Gram Negative causing dental infections when used in conjunction with conventional dental materials.
Copyright (c) 2024 Madhavi Naidu, Sharanya Sabrish, Prashantha G Shivamurthy, Roshan M Sagarkar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Applications of Dermatoglyphics in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
The word 'dermatoglyphics' comes from two Greek words (derma, skin and glyphe, carve) and refers to the study of the epidermal skin ridge formations which appear on the fingers, palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There are numerous applications of dermatoglyphics in dentistry as lot of studies done on dental caries and dermatoglyphics show that there is a strong correlation of dermatoglyphic patterns to the prevalence of dental caries. Dermatoglyphics should be adopted by more dental professionals and researchers for oral cavity related studies, leading to new discoveries for an early diagnosis, prompt treatment and more effective prevention of many genetic disorders of the oral cavity and other diseases whose etiology may be influenced directly or indirectly by genetic inheritance. In the future, it may serve as an important tool that can predict the future health of a person.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ankita Gupta, Bhavna Singh, Manoj Vishwakarma http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Unusual Oral Manifestations of autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) impact oral health, both directly and indirectly. Immune-related disorders of the oral cavity may occur as primary disease process, secondary to systemic disease or neoplasm, or as a reaction to medications and other agents. The entities represented within this group may vary significantly by severity, clinical presentation, microscopic presentation, and special testing results. Increasing evidence is emerging for a steady rise of autoimmune diseases in the last decades. The oral physician can therefore play a pivotal role in the detection and during the following multidisciplinary treatment. Precise and early diagnosis increases the efficiency and efficacy of the treatment strategy. Therefore, the goal of our manual is to present the most “uncommon” autoimmune diseases that may show the first oral clinical signs and symptoms which are a manifestation of the general clinical disease.
Copyright (c) 2023 Saumya Khare http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Complex odontoma and the use of platelet-rich fibrin for wound healing
Complex odontomas are asymptomatic, benign odontogenic growths, more prevalent in the male and pediatric population. Although often found incidentally on radiography as a radio-dense mass, surgical removal is often necessary to prevent future complications. The use of autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been shown to aid in wound healing and post-operative recovery. Here, we report the case of a 30-year-old male presented with a left mandibular mass on radiography. Intraoral examination revealed an asymptomatic swelling, identified as a complex odontoma by histopathology after removal. Complete excision was undertaken by piezosurgery, and the addition of PRF resulted in excellent recovery.
Copyright (c) 2023 Korosh Roshanghias, Sophie Gharaei, Julia Gharaei, Andre Peisker http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) is very prevalent in dentistry. Physically and mentally, dentistry is a demanding job due to its time-consuming treatment procedures and mental pressure of the patients. Moreover, this Sars-Cov2 pandemic has brought a more risk to the dentist, thereby using more additional devices such as personal protection kits for their prevention which further limits the freedom of movements, increases mental stress, and imbalanced postures, and hence contributes more towards WRMSDs. These WRMSDs among dentists can be prevented or minimized by the use of ergonomic principles. The present review article discusses the various risk factors and methods of prevention of these WRMSDs.
Dental students, Ergonomics, Health hazard, Musculoskeletal disorders
Copyright (c) 2023 Ankita Gupta, Ami Rawal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Height width ratio of frontal sinus in different stages of cervical vertebrae maturation in subjects with normal occlusion
Background & Objectives: The recognition of pubertal growth spurt is an important aspect of Orthodontics. Morphological changes of the frontal sinus during adolescent growth spurt have evoked the interest of many authors. The present study aimed to evaluate the height-width ratio of frontal sinus in different stages of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and if possible, to determine the clinical relevance of frontal sinus morphologic variations in assessing the developmental status of an individual. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 115 subjects aged 7 to 22 years. The sample was divided into six groups based on the cervical vertebral maturation stages and five groups based on chronological age. The height-width ratio of the frontal sinus was calculated and CVM stages were evaluated on the same radiograph. The comparison of height-width ratios with the different CVM stages was done using one-way ANOVA. A pair-wise comparison was done by Duncan’s post-hoc test. Student’s t-test was used for comparison of the frontal sinus parameters with gender. Correlations of the parameters with CVM stages gender-wise were done using Kendall’s tau_b test. Results: Results showed that the height-width ratio of the frontal sinus in the study population does not differ with different age groups or the CVM stages. The height-width ratio failed to show any significant change with age or cervical maturation stages in the sample. Conclusion: The frontal sinus height-width ratio failed to show a specific pattern among the different CVM stages and hence, could not characterize an adolescent growth spurt.
Copyright (c) 2023 Gayathri Prakash Anand, Suja Ani G, Elbe Peter http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
CT Analysis of Inflammatory Lesions of Paranasal Sinuses
Background & aim: Computed tomography (CT) is regarded as the “gold standard” in the primary imaging of inflammatory sinonasal lesions. The present study was conducted with the aim to perform a CT analysis of inflammatory lesions of paranasal sinuses. Material method: A cross-sectional radiographic study was conducted among randomly selected 156 CT scans that have been collected from patients who are clinically and radiographically diagnosed with paranasal sinus pathologies. However, 58 scans were excluded due to various reasons like presence of trauma, poor quality images etc and so 98 scans were further assessed. Results: Paranasal sinus pathologies were found to be most prevalent in the age group of 46-60 years affecting males more than females. The maxillary sinus was the most commonly affected. The most common sinus pathology was reported to be mucormycosis (fungal sinusitis) and the pathologies were found to be present more bilaterally. Conclusion: Paranasal sinus pathologies may mimic symptoms of orofacial pain. Thus dentists in general and oral physician in particular should not overlook sinus diseases as the cause of dental and facial pain. Also, a careful and thorough investigation can detect anatomical variations and pathoses that affect the maxillofacial area. Hence, it is imperative for an oral radiologist to have knowledge of the same.
Copyright (c) 2023 Bharvi A Shukla, Shilpa J Parikh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Atypical presentation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT 2) with self mutilation of tongue as an early sign. A case report
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Axonal type (CMT 2) in children is usually diagnosed in the first decade of life with distal muscular atrophy and loss of sensitivity in the extremities. The present case report describes the early sensory involvement in an infant presented as frequent mutilation of the tongue. This report highlights the importance of considering progressive neuropathies as a differential when a dentist encounters self inflicting mutilation of the oral structures other than congenital insensitivity to pain.
Copyright (c) 2022 Sandeep valasingam, Lakshmi, Rajesh Ninchenametla, kranti Praveen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Premalignant Lesions of the Oral Cavity: An Update
Pre-malignant lesions or precancerous lesions are diseases that should be diagnosed at an early stage. Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and lichen planus are the most common premalignant lesions. These lesions should be diagnosed early to prevent the risk of malignant transformation if left untreated, in which treatment would be difficult. The most common etiology includes smoking, alcohol, and areca nut chewing. A wide variety of treatment modalities are available including topical and systemic corticosteroids, retinoids, and surgical intervention.
Copyright (c) 2022 Eby Aluckal, Rachelle Li, Louise Pei, Amy Lee, Sarah Al-Shma, Abe Abraham http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Smartening Up with Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Review
Artificial intelligence is gaining popularity around the world as a high-impact, game-changing breakthrough in the field of intelligence innovation. It is used in a variety of fields, ranging from automation to dentistry. It is a lifeline for dentistry, especially in the field of prosthodontics, as it aids in the creation of functional maxillofacial appliances and the design of prostheses. It also aids in the recording, diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient management processes, allowing oral health care professionals to work smarter rather than harder. This paper discusses the prosthodontic issues and obstacles that come with total denture construction. It also emphasises advancements in digital technology in prosthodontics, artificial intelligence in dentistry in general, and methods that have been implemented to improve the oral health-care system.
Copyright (c) 2022 Anoopa Paulose, Jayalakshmi M R, Anu Merlin Thampy, Christy Mariam Kurian, Ankitha Miria Alias, Eby Aluckal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Interdisciplinary approach for congenitally missing incisor with orthodontics and dental implant: Case Series
Interdisciplinary approaches for congenitally missing teeth, which are frequently presented to the dentist, need a proper treatment plan. Prosthodontic fixed and removable prosthesis, orthodontic movement of maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants, resin-bonded retainers are the various treatment modalities present to replace congenitally missing teeth. When treating the anterior maxilla, especially in the replacement of missing teeth, the important factors which need to be considered is careful treatment planning, space management, augmentation of bone and proper details of implant surgical and prosthetic techniques is required. This case report addresses fundamental considerations related to replacement of congenitally missing upper incisors by a team approach. A combined orthodontic and implant placement treatment approach can give an improved functioning occlusion with favorable aesthetics.
Copyright (c) 2022 Gaurav Gupta, D. K. Gupta, Priyanka Gupta, Kuldeep Singh Rana, Devanshi Sankhla http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Therapeutic Mandibular Incisor Extraction in Orthodontics: An Overview
Therapeutic extraction of a mandibular incisor is an infrequent and possibly underused treatment strategy in Orthodontics. In carefully selected cases, the treatment outcomes are comparable and sometimes better than those with other extraction patterns. This article reviews all factors necessary for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and effective management of such cases.
Copyright (c) 2022 Santhosh Kumar Sekar, Bhaskar Nivethitha, Balasubramanian Madhan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Prevalence of dental caries and associated risk factors among adult outpatients attending Gakoma district hospital, Rwanda
Introduction: Dental caries and other oral health conditions are public health challenges worldwide. The World health organization reports the burden of oral diseases to be less in developing countries including Africa and higher in the developed world. Despite health sector improvement in Rwanda after the Genocide against the Tutsi, dental caries has remained among the leading causes of consultation at all levels of the health care delivery pyramid with high numbers in rural communities. The prevalence of dental caries experienced in Rwanda is found to be 64.9% but few studies have been conducted assessing the predisposing risk factors, especially in adults. The objectives of the study included the determination of dental caries prevalence and associated risk factors among adult outpatients who attended Gakoma district hospital in Gisagara district of Rwanda from November 2016 to January 2017. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study using quantitative methods with a sample size of 281participants aged 18 and above systematically selected randomly from patients who attended Gakoma district hospital’s outpatient department during the study period. The sample size calculation used Yamane’s formula. Ethical approval was gotten from the school of health sciences of Mount Kenya University and informed consents were signed by participants with the right to withdraw at any time without prior justifications. Data collection instruments included a self-administered questionnaire with a close-ended questionnaire on oral health risk factors and a data sheet to extract data from patients’ files after a physical dental examination of study participants. The study collected information on risk factors for dental caries development that included age, gender, oral hygiene practice, alcohol consumption, sugary snacks, and beverages consumption, and tobacco use. Data were analyzed using a statistical package of social sciences at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of dental caries is 71.5% among patients attending the outpatient department and predisposing risk factors were found to be old age, gender, poor oral hygiene, consumption of sugary snacks and beverages. Alcohol was also found to contribute to dental caries development, but no statistical significance was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries was found to be high in the study population and the multifactorial risk factors associated with its development were found to be poor oral hygiene, frequent consumption of sugary snacks and beverages, gender, and old age. The study recommended further studies to explore these multifactorial risk factors on a larger scale.
Copyright (c) 2022 Eugene HITIMANA, Leonard Ndayisenga http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0