Candida parapsilosis ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in a 1-year-old child: A case report emphasizing the role of source control

Abstract

Fungal infections involving the central nervous system are rare but associated with high morbidity and mortality, 
especially in patients with neurosurgical implants. Candida non-albicans species have emerged as significant pathogens, particularly in patients with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. We report a case of a pediatric patient with recurrent Candida non-albicans infection following VP shunt surgery, where delayed source control contributed to relapse. Early recognition, prompt antifungal therapy, and surgical removal of infected hardware were key to successful management. This case emphasizes the importance of integrating microbiological findings with clinical scenarios and adhering to evidence-based recommendations for fungal shunt infections. Source control remains the gold standard.